Introduction. A Effect of heavy metals on human health, especially of children is the subject of many research. The risk of adverse health effects associated with exposure to high concentrations of heavy metals is particularly high among people living in areas historically associated with the mining and processing of metal ores. The present study is a review of studies on the effects of lead on the health of children living in the area of Upper Silesia. Assessment of exposure to lead was performed based on the results of biochemical tests – the concentration of lead in the body fluids, blood and urine. Children with high lead content in blood were directed to the clinical diagnosis or treatments. Additionally, health education and environmental interventions were conducted in their families. Introduced preventive and educational programs significantly reduced the risk of lead poisoning in children living in areas with high risk of anthropogenic pollutants.

Key words: heavy metals, exposure, children, toxicological studies, biomonitoring.