The aim of the article is a short presentation of a problem regarding the issue of the premature birth with respect to a disease entity, which is cervical incompetence. The article is based on literature. The presentation includes the construction and function of the cervix, functional impairment of the cervix, the diagnostics of the cervical incompetence and the treatment issues.

Key words: premature birth, cervix, obstetrix, cervical incompetence.