The second half of the last century was a period of a dynamic development of clinical transplantation. Transplantation of cells, tissues and organs became a fact while improved after‑transplantation care made the survival of patients after the operation longer and their life – of better quality. Transplantation became a recognized, effective and commonly applied treatment method of end‑stage organ failure. Contemporary achievements of transplantology became possible thanks to scientific research and experiments conducted in the last century, but some records on transplantation attempts are dated back to distant past. All that led to the creation of new methods and techniques in medicine, helping patients suffering from many so far incurable diseases. Historical outline of the dynamics of clinical transplantation development shows outstanding achievements in many branches of science.

Key words: clinical transplantation, transplantation.